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php数据验证 + 过滤 + 参数绑定

news 2025/10/18 13:00:02

绝对不建议直接操作 $_POST！ 这是一个非常重要的安全实践。

❌ 为什么不建议直接使用 `$_POST`

直接使用 `$_POST` 的问题：

// ❌ 危险做法 - 千万不要这样写！
$sql = "INSERT INTO users (username, email) VALUES ('{$_POST['username']}', '{$_POST['email']}')";
// SQL注入漏洞！

✅ 推荐的最佳实践

1. 数据验证 + 过滤 + 参数绑定

<?php
header('Content-Type: application/json');
header('Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *');if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] === 'POST') {// 方法一：从 $_POST 获取（表单格式）$username = $_POST['username'] ?? '';$email = $_POST['email'] ?? '';// 方法二：从 JSON 获取（推荐用于 Vue/Ajax）$input = json_decode(file_get_contents('php://input'), true) ?? [];$username = $input['username'] ?? '';$email = $input['email'] ?? '';// 1. 数据验证$errors = [];if (empty($username) || strlen($username) < 2) {$errors[] = '用户名至少2个字符';}if (!filter_var($email, FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL)) {$errors[] = '邮箱格式不正确';}if (!empty($errors)) {http_response_code(400);echo json_encode(['success' => false, 'errors' => $errors]);exit;}// 2. 数据清理$username = trim($username);$username = htmlspecialchars($username, ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8');$email = filter_var($email, FILTER_SANITIZE_EMAIL);// 3. 创建数据数组$data = ['username' => $username,'email' => $email,'created_at' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s'),'ip_address' => $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] ?? ''];// 4. 插入数据库（使用预处理语句）try {$pdo = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=test;charset=utf8mb4', 'username', 'password');$pdo->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);$stmt = $pdo->prepare("INSERT INTO users (username, email, created_at, ip_address) VALUES (:username, :email, :created_at, :ip_address)");$stmt->execute([':username' => $data['username'],':email' => $data['email'],':created_at' => $data['created_at'],':ip_address' => $data['ip_address']]);echo json_encode(['success' => true, 'message' => '数据插入成功', 'id' => $pdo->lastInsertId()]);} catch (PDOException $e) {http_response_code(500);echo json_encode(['success' => false, 'message' => '数据库错误: ' . $e->getMessage()]);}
}
?>

2. 使用封装的数据处理类

<?php
class DataProcessor {public static function getJsonInput() {$input = json_decode(file_get_contents('php://input'), true);return is_array($input) ? $input : [];}public static function validateEmail($email) {return filter_var($email, FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL) !== false;}public static function sanitizeString($string, $maxLength = 255) {$string = trim($string);$string = htmlspecialchars($string, ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8');return substr($string, 0, $maxLength);}public static function validateRequired($data, $fields) {$errors = [];foreach ($fields as $field) {if (empty($data[$field])) {$errors[] = "{$field} 是必填字段";}}return $errors;}
}// 使用示例
$input = DataProcessor::getJsonInput();$requiredFields = ['username', 'email'];
$validationErrors = DataProcessor::validateRequired($input, $requiredFields);if (!empty($validationErrors)) {http_response_code(400);echo json_encode(['success' => false, 'errors' => $validationErrors]);exit;
}// 清理数据
$cleanData = ['username' => DataProcessor::sanitizeString($input['username']),'email' => filter_var($input['email'], FILTER_SANITIZE_EMAIL),
];if (!DataProcessor::validateEmail($cleanData['email'])) {echo json_encode(['success' => false, 'errors' => ['邮箱格式无效']]);exit;
}// 然后执行数据库操作...
?>

3. 完整的邮件发送数据处理示例

<?php
// send-email.php
header('Content-Type: application/json');
header('Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *');if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] === 'POST') {// 获取并验证数据$input = json_decode(file_get_contents('php://input'), true) ?? [];$emailData = ['to' => filter_var($input['to'] ?? '', FILTER_SANITIZE_EMAIL),'subject' => htmlspecialchars($input['subject'] ?? '', ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8'),'content' => htmlspecialchars($input['content'] ?? '', ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8'),'created_at' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s')];// 验证if (!filter_var($emailData['to'], FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL)) {http_response_code(400);echo json_encode(['success' => false, 'message' => '收件人邮箱格式错误']);exit;}if (empty($emailData['subject']) || empty($emailData['content'])) {http_response_code(400);echo json_encode(['success' => false, 'message' => '邮件主题和内容不能为空']);exit;}try {// 先保存到数据库$pdo = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=your_db;charset=utf8mb4', 'user', 'pass');$stmt = $pdo->prepare("INSERT INTO email_logs (to_email, subject, content, created_at) VALUES (:to, :subject, :content, :created_at)");$stmt->execute($emailData);// 然后发送邮件$mailSent = mail($emailData['to'],$emailData['subject'], $emailData['content'],"From: no-reply@yoursite.com\r\nContent-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8");if ($mailSent) {echo json_encode(['success' => true, 'message' => '邮件发送成功']);} else {echo json_encode(['success' => false, 'message' => '邮件发送失败']);}} catch (Exception $e) {http_response_code(500);echo json_encode(['success' => false, 'message' => '服务器错误: ' . $e->getMessage()]);}
}
?>