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OOP实验二

news 2025/10/24 22:05:27

task1:

T.h:

 1 #pragma once
 2 
 3 #include <string>
 4 
 5 // 类T: 声明
 6 class T {
 7 // 对象属性、方法
 8 public:
 9     T(int x = 0, int y = 0);   // 普通构造函数
10     T(const T &t);  // 复制构造函数
11     T(T &&t);       // 移动构造函数
12     ~T();           // 析构函数
13 
14     void adjust(int ratio);      // 按系数成倍调整数据
15     void display() const;           // 以(m1, m2)形式显示T类对象信息
16 
17 private:
18     int m1, m2;
19 
20 // 类属性、方法
21 public:
22     static int get_cnt();          // 显示当前T类对象总数
23 
24 public:
25     static const std::string doc;       // 类T的描述信息
26     static const int max_cnt;           // 类T对象上限
27 
28 private:
29     static int cnt;         // 当前T类对象数目
30 
31 // 类T友元函数声明
32     friend void func();
33 };
34 
35 // 普通函数声明
36 void func();

T.cpp:

#include "T.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <string>// 类T实现// static成员数据类外初始化
const std::string T::doc{"a simple class sample"};
const int T::max_cnt = 999;
int T::cnt = 0;// 类方法
int T::get_cnt() {return cnt;
}// 对象方法
T::T(int x, int y): m1{x}, m2{y} { ++cnt; std::cout << "T constructor called.\n";
} T::T(const T &t): m1{t.m1}, m2{t.m2} {++cnt;std::cout << "T copy constructor called.\n";
}T::T(T &&t): m1{t.m1}, m2{t.m2} {++cnt;std::cout << "T move constructor called.\n";
}    T::~T() {--cnt;std::cout << "T destructor called.\n";
}           void T::adjust(int ratio) {m1 *= ratio;m2 *= ratio;
}    void T::display() const {std::cout << "(" << m1 << ", " << m2 << ")" ;
}     // 普通函数实现
void func() {T t5(42);t5.m2 = 2049;std::cout << "t5 = "; t5.display(); std::cout << '\n';
}

task1.cpp:

 1 include "T.h"
 2 #include <iostream>
 3 
 4 void test_T();
 5 
 6 int main() {
 7     std::cout << "test Class T: \n";
 8     test_T();
 9 
10     std::cout << "\ntest friend func: \n";
11     func();
12 }
13 
14 void test_T() {
15     using std::cout;
16     using std::endl;
17 
18     cout << "T info: " << T::doc << endl;
19     cout << "T objects'max count: " << T::max_cnt << endl;
20     cout << "T objects'current count: " << T::get_cnt() << endl << endl;
21 
22     T t1;
23     cout << "t1 = "; t1.display(); cout << endl;
24 
25     T t2(3, 4);
26     cout << "t2 = "; t2.display(); cout << endl;
27 
28     T t3(t2);
29     t3.adjust(2);
30     cout << "t3 = "; t3.display(); cout << endl;
31 
32     T t4(std::move(t2));
33     cout << "t4 = "; t4.display(); cout << endl;
34 
35     cout << "test: T objects'current count: " << T::get_cnt() << endl;
36 }

运行结果：

问题：

1）YES

2)普通构造函数在创建变量的时候调用；复制构造函数在创建变量的时候，但是传入的是该类的变量的时候使用 s1(s2)，这样相当于把s2拷贝到了s1中；移动构造函数在进行 move操作的时候，负责将右值传递给新的变量；析构函数则在程序退出时调用。

3）

移动的函数重复定义

task2:

Complex.h:

 1 #pragma once
 2 #include <iostream>
 3 #include<string>
 4 
 5 class Complex{
 6     public:
 7         Complex() : real(0.0),imag(0.0){};
 8         Complex(double r,double i=0.0) : real(r),imag(i){};
 9         Complex(const Complex &c) : real(c.real),imag(c.imag){};
10         
11     private:
12         float real,imag;
13         
14     public:
15         static const std::string doc;
16         
17     public:
18         double get_real() const;
19         double get_imag() const; 
20         void add(const Complex &c);
21         
22         friend void output(const Complex &c);
23         friend double abs(const Complex &c);
24         friend Complex add(const Complex &c1,const Complex &c2);
25         friend bool is_equal(const Complex &c1,const Complex &c2);
26         friend bool is_not_equal(const Complex &c1,const Complex &c2);
27 };

Complex.cpp:

#include"Complex.h"
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<cmath>
#include <iomanip>const std::string Complex::doc{"a simplified complex class"};double Complex::get_real()const
{return real;
}double Complex::get_imag()const
{return imag;
}void Complex::add(const Complex &c)
{real += c.real;imag += c.imag;
}void output(const Complex &c)
{if (c.imag >= 0){std::cout << std::setw(2) << c.real<< " + " << c.imag << "i";}else{std::cout << std::setw(2) << c.real << " - " << -c.imag << "i";}
}double abs(const Complex &c)
{return std::sqrt(c.real * c.real + c.imag * c.imag);
}Complex add(const Complex &c1,const Complex &c2)
{return Complex(c1.real + c2.real,c1.imag + c2.imag);
}bool is_equal(const Complex &c1,const Complex &c2)
{if(c1.real==c2.real&&c1.imag==c2.imag){return true;}else{return false;}
}bool is_not_equal(const Complex &c1,const Complex &c2)
{return !is_equal(c1,c2);
}

task2.cpp:

#include"Complex.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <complex>void test_Complex();
void test_std_complex();int main() {std::cout << "*******测试1: 自定义类Complex*******\n";test_Complex();std::cout << "\n*******测试2: 标准库模板类complex*******\n";test_std_complex();
}void test_Complex() {using std::cout;using std::endl;using std::boolalpha;cout << "类成员测试: " << endl;cout << Complex::doc << endl << endl;cout << "Complex对象测试: " << endl;Complex c1;Complex c2(3, -4);Complex c3(c2);Complex c4 = c2;const Complex c5(3.5);cout << "c1 = "; output(c1); cout << endl;cout << "c2 = "; output(c2); cout << endl;cout << "c3 = "; output(c3); cout << endl;cout << "c4 = "; output(c4); cout << endl;cout << "c5.real = " << c5.get_real() << ", c5.imag = " << c5.get_imag() << endl << endl;cout << "复数运算测试: " << endl;cout << "abs(c2) = " << abs(c2) << endl;c1.add(c2);cout << "c1 += c2, c1 = "; output(c1); cout << endl;cout << boolalpha;cout << "c1 == c2 : " << is_equal(c1, c2) << endl;cout << "c1 != c2 : " << is_not_equal(c1, c2) << endl;c4 = add(c2, c3);cout << "c4 = c2 + c3, c4 = "; output(c4); cout << endl;
}void test_std_complex() {using std::cout;using std::endl;using std::boolalpha;cout << "std::complex<double>对象测试: " << endl;std::complex<double> c1;std::complex<double> c2(3, -4);std::complex<double> c3(c2);std::complex<double> c4 = c2;const std::complex<double> c5(3.5);cout << "c1 = " << c1 << endl;cout << "c2 = " << c2 << endl;cout << "c3 = " << c3 << endl;cout << "c4 = " << c4 << endl;cout << "c5.real = " << c5.real() << ", c5.imag = " << c5.imag() << endl << endl;cout << "复数运算测试: " << endl;cout << "abs(c2) = " << abs(c2) << endl;c1 += c2;cout << "c1 += c2, c1 = " << c1 << endl;cout << boolalpha;cout << "c1 == c2 : " << (c1 == c2)<< endl;cout << "c1 != c2 : " << (c1 != c2) << endl;c4 = c2 + c3;cout << "c4 = c2 + c3, c4 = " << c4 << endl;
}

运行结果

问题：

1）单从简洁上看，标准库模板类会更加简洁，但从整体修改与查找BUG上，自定义会更方便；运算与逻辑构成函数，函数算是对运算的集合与调用

2）【1】是的，因为涉及运算和显示确实需要访问实部和虚部

【2】不是，在complex中有相关接口

【3】在需要直接访问私有成员的时候

3）不会

task3:

PlayerControl.h:

#pragma once
#include <string>enum class ControlType {Play, Pause, Next, Prev, Stop, Unknown};class PlayerControl {
public:PlayerControl();ControlType parse(const std::string& control_str);   // 实现std::string --> ControlType转换void execute(ControlType cmd) const;   // 执行控制操作（以打印输出模拟）       static int get_cnt();private:static int total_cnt;   
};

PlayerControl.cpp:

#include "PlayerControl.h"
#include <iostream>
#include<cctype>
#include <algorithm>   int PlayerControl::total_cnt = 0;PlayerControl::PlayerControl() {}// 待补足
// 1. 将输入字符串转为小写，实现大小写不敏感
// 2. 匹配"play"/"pause"/"next"/"prev"/"stop"并返回对应枚举
// 3. 未匹配的字符串返回ControlType::Unknown
// 4. 每次成功调用parse时递增total_cnt
ControlType PlayerControl::parse(const std::string& control_str) {std::string lower_str;for(char c : control_str){lower_str += std::tolower(c);}if(lower_str == "play"){total_cnt++;return ControlType::Play;}else if(lower_str == "pause"){total_cnt++;return ControlType::Pause;}else if(lower_str == "next"){total_cnt++;return ControlType::Next;}else if(lower_str == "prev"){total_cnt++;return ControlType::Prev;}else if(lower_str == "stop"){total_cnt++;return ControlType::Stop;}else{return ControlType::Unknown;}
}void PlayerControl::execute(ControlType cmd) const {switch (cmd) {case ControlType::Play:  std::cout << "[play] Playing music...\n"; break;case ControlType::Pause: std::cout << "[Pause] Music paused\n";    break;case ControlType::Next:  std::cout << "[Next] Skipping to next track\n"; break;case ControlType::Prev:  std::cout << "[Prev] Back to previous track\n"; break;case ControlType::Stop:  std::cout << "[Stop] Music stopped\n"; break;default:                 std::cout << "[Error] unknown control\n"; break;}
}int PlayerControl::get_cnt() {return total_cnt;
}

task3.cpp:

task3#include "PlayerControl.h"
#include <iostream>void test() {PlayerControl controller;std::string control_str;std::cout << "Enter Control: (play/pause/next/prev/stop/quit):\n";while(std::cin >> control_str) {if(control_str == "quit")break;ControlType cmd = controller.parse(control_str);controller.execute(cmd);std::cout << "Current Player control: " << PlayerControl::get_cnt() << "\n\n";}
}int main() {test();
}

运行结果：

task4:

Fraction.h:

#pragma once
#include<iostream>class Fraction {
private:int up;int down;
public:static std::string doc;Fraction(int a, int b = 1);Fraction(const Fraction& other) ;~Fraction();int get_up() const;int get_down() const;Fraction negative();friend void output(const Fraction &c);friend Fraction add(const Fraction &a, const Fraction &b);friend Fraction sub(const Fraction &a,const Fraction &b);friend Fraction mul(const Fraction &a,const Fraction &b);friend Fraction div(const Fraction &a, const Fraction &b);friend int gcd(int x, int y);
};

Fraction.cpp:

#include "Fraction.h"
#include <iostream>
#include<cmath>std::string Fraction::doc="Fraction类 v 0.01版.\n目前仅支持分数对象的构造、输出、加 / 减 / 乘 / 除运算.";int gcd(int x, int y) {int a = abs(x);int b = abs(y);while (b != 0){int temp = b;b = a % b;a = temp;}return a;
};Fraction::Fraction(int a, int b) :up(a), down(b) {if (b < 0){up=-up;down=-down;}int n = gcd(up, down);up = up / n;down = down / n;};Fraction::Fraction(const Fraction& other) {up = other.up;down = other.down;
};Fraction::~Fraction() {};int Fraction::get_up() const {return up;
};int Fraction::get_down() const {return down;
};Fraction Fraction::negative() {int negative_up = -up;if(negative_up<0&&down<0)return Fraction(-negative_up,-down);elsereturn Fraction(negative_up, down);
};void output(const Fraction& c) {int n=gcd(c.up, c.down);if(c.up<0&&c.down<0)std::cout << -c.up / n << "/" << -c.down / n;if (c.down == 0){std::cout << "分母不能为0";return ;}if (c.up == 0)std::cout << "0";elsestd::cout << c.up / n << "/" << c.down / n;
}Fraction add(const Fraction &a, const Fraction &b) {if (a.down == b.down)return Fraction(a.up + b.up, a.down);else{return Fraction(a.up * b.down + b.up * a.down, b.down * a.down );}
};Fraction sub(const Fraction &a,const  Fraction &b) {if (a.down == b.down)return Fraction(a.up -b.up, a.down);else{return Fraction(a.up * b.down -b.up * a.down, b.down * a.down );}
};Fraction mul(const Fraction& a,const Fraction& b) {return Fraction(a.up * b.up , a.down * b.down );
};Fraction div(const Fraction& a,const  Fraction& b) {return Fraction(a.up * b.down , a.down * b.up );
};

task4.cpp:

#include "Fraction.h"
#include <iostream>
void test1();
void test2();
int main() {std::cout << "测试1: Fraction类基础功能测试\n";test1();std::cout << "\n测试2: 分母为0测试: \n";test2();
}
void test1() {using std::cout;using std::endl;cout << "Fraction类测试: " << endl;cout << Fraction::doc << endl << endl;Fraction f1(5);Fraction f2(3, -4), f3(-18, 12);Fraction f4(f3);cout << "f1 = "; output(f1); cout << endl;cout << "f2 = "; output(f2); cout << endl;cout << "f3 = "; output(f3); cout << endl;cout << "f4 = "; output(f4); cout << endl;const Fraction f5(f4.negative());cout << "f5 = "; output(f5); cout << endl;cout << "f5.get_up() = " << f5.get_up()<< ", f5.get_down() = " << f5.get_down() << endl;cout << "f1 + f2 = "; output(add(f1, f2)); cout << endl;cout << "f1 - f2 = "; output(sub(f1, f2)); cout << endl;cout << "f1 * f2 = "; output(mul(f1, f2)); cout << endl;cout << "f1 / f2 = "; output(div(f1, f2)); cout << endl;cout << "f4 + f5 = "; output(add(f4, f5)); cout << endl;
}
void test2() {using std::cout;using std::endl;Fraction f6(42, 55), f7(0, 3);cout << "f6 = "; output(f6); cout << endl;cout << "f7 = "; output(f7); cout << endl;cout << "f6 / f7 = "; output(div(f6, f7)); cout << endl;
}