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Qt - 音频采集程序

news 2025/9/23 15:51:09

我们将创建一个简单的Qt应用程序，用于采集麦克风的音频数据。我们将使用QAudioInput来捕获音频，并将捕获的原始PCM数据保存到文件中。同时，我们也会在界面上显示一些基本的控制按钮（开始、停止）和状态信息。

步骤：

创建Qt项目（例如使用Qt Widgets Application）。
在.pro文件中添加multimedia模块：QT += multimedia
设计一个简单的界面，包含两个按钮（开始和停止）和一个标签显示状态。
在后台代码中，设置音频输入设备，并当点击开始按钮时，开始捕获音频数据；点击停止按钮时，停止捕获。

注意：我们这里将捕获的原始PCM数据保存为文件，但请注意原始PCM数据没有文件头（如WAV头），所以不能直接播放。如果需要可播放的文件，可以添加WAV头或者使用其他格式。

但是，为了简单起见，我们只保存原始PCM数据。如果你需要播放，可以使用Audacity等工具导入原始数据（设置正确的采样率、样本大小和通道数）。

我们将使用以下音频格式：

采样率：44100 Hz
样本大小：16位
通道数：2（立体声）

如果默认设备不支持这些参数，我们将使用最接近的设置。

代码结构：

使用QAudioInput进行音频输入。
使用QFile来存储捕获的音频数据。

界面设计：

一个QPushButton用于开始捕获。
一个QPushButton用于停止捕获（初始不可用）。
一个QLabel用于显示状态。

逻辑：

点击开始按钮后，初始化音频输入设备并开始捕获，同时将开始按钮禁用，停止按钮启用。
点击停止按钮后，停止捕获，关闭文件，并将按钮状态重置。

我们将创建一个类，比如叫AudioCapture，来管理音频捕获。

由于Qt6中对多媒体模块有一些变化，请注意：如果你使用的是Qt6，需要确保包括正确的模块。在Qt6中，QAudioInput位于QtMultimedia模块中。

Qt 麦克风音频数据采集应用

下面是一个完整的 Qt 应用程序，用于采集麦克风音频数据并实时显示波形。

1. 项目文件(AudioCaptureApp.pro)

QT       += core gui multimedia widgetsCONFIG   += c++17TARGET = AudioCaptureApp
TEMPLATE = appSOURCES += \main.cpp \mainwindow.cpp \audiocapture.cppHEADERS += \mainwindow.h \audiocapture.hFORMS += \widget.ui

2. 主程序入口 (main.cpp)

#include <QApplication>
#include "mainwindow.h"int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{QApplication app(argc, argv);// 设置应用程序信息app.setApplicationName("音频采集应用");app.setApplicationVersion("1.0");app.setOrganizationName("MyCompany");MainWindow window;window.show();return app.exec();
}

3. 音频采集类头文件 (audiocapture.h)

#ifndef AUDIOCAPTURE_H
#define AUDIOCAPTURE_H#include <QObject>
#include <QAudioInput>
#include <QAudioDeviceInfo>
#include <QByteArray>
#include <QTimer>
#include <QDebug>class AudioCapture : public QObject
{Q_OBJECTpublic:explicit AudioCapture(QObject *parent = nullptr);~AudioCapture();// 音频设备操作bool initializeAudio();void startCapture();void stopCapture();void pauseCapture();void resumeCapture();// 设备信息QList<QAudioDeviceInfo> getAvailableDevices() const;QString getCurrentDeviceName() const;// 音频参数设置void setSampleRate(int rate);void setChannelCount(int channels);void setSampleSize(int size);// 状态查询bool isCapturing() const { return m_isCapturing; }qint64 getBytesCaptured() const { return m_bytesCaptured; }signals:// 音频数据可用信号void audioDataAvailable(const QByteArray &data);// 音频电平信号（用于显示波形）void audioLevelChanged(qreal level);// 状态变化信号void captureStateChanged(bool capturing);// 错误信号void errorOccurred(const QString &errorMessage);public slots:void setAudioDevice(const QAudioDeviceInfo &device);private slots:void handleAudioDataReady();void updateAudioLevel();private:void setupAudioFormat();void calculateAudioLevel(const QByteArray &data);private:QAudioInput *m_audioInput;QIODevice *m_audioDevice;QAudioFormat m_audioFormat;QAudioDeviceInfo m_currentDevice;QTimer *m_levelTimer;bool m_isCapturing;bool m_isPaused;qint64 m_bytesCaptured;qreal m_currentLevel;
};#endif // AUDIOCAPTURE_H

4. 音频采集类实现 (audiocapture.cpp)

#include "audiocapture.h"AudioCapture::AudioCapture(QObject *parent) : QObject(parent), m_audioInput(nullptr), m_audioDevice(nullptr), m_isCapturing(false), m_isPaused(false), m_bytesCaptured(0), m_currentLevel(0.0)
{m_levelTimer = new QTimer(this);connect(m_levelTimer, &QTimer::timeout, this, &AudioCapture::updateAudioLevel);
}AudioCapture::~AudioCapture()
{stopCapture();
}bool AudioCapture::initializeAudio()
{// 获取默认输入设备m_currentDevice = QAudioDeviceInfo::defaultInputDevice();if (m_currentDevice.isNull()) {emit errorOccurred("未找到可用的音频输入设备");return false;}// 设置音频格式setupAudioFormat();// 检查格式支持if (!m_currentDevice.isFormatSupported(m_audioFormat)) {m_audioFormat = m_currentDevice.nearestFormat(m_audioFormat);qDebug() << "使用最接近的音频格式:" << m_audioFormat.sampleRate() << "Hz," << m_audioFormat.channelCount() << "channels,"<< m_audioFormat.sampleSize() << "bits";}// 创建音频输入对象m_audioInput = new QAudioInput(m_currentDevice, m_audioFormat, this);// 设置缓冲区大小m_audioInput->setBufferSize(4096);return true;
}void AudioCapture::setupAudioFormat()
{m_audioFormat.setSampleRate(44100);      // 44.1 kHzm_audioFormat.setChannelCount(1);        // 单声道m_audioFormat.setSampleSize(16);         // 16位m_audioFormat.setCodec("audio/pcm");     // PCM编码m_audioFormat.setByteOrder(QAudioFormat::LittleEndian);m_audioFormat.setSampleType(QAudioFormat::SignedInt);
}void AudioCapture::startCapture()
{if (!m_audioInput) {if (!initializeAudio()) {return;}}if (m_isCapturing && !m_isPaused) {return;}if (m_isPaused) {resumeCapture();return;}// 开始音频采集m_audioDevice = m_audioInput->start();if (!m_audioDevice) {emit errorOccurred("无法启动音频设备");return;}// 连接数据可用信号connect(m_audioDevice, &QIODevice::readyRead, this, &AudioCapture::handleAudioDataReady);m_isCapturing = true;m_isPaused = false;m_bytesCaptured = 0;// 启动电平计时器（用于实时显示）m_levelTimer->start(50); // 每50ms更新一次电平emit captureStateChanged(true);qDebug() << "开始音频采集，设备:" << m_currentDevice.deviceName();
}void AudioCapture::stopCapture()
{if (m_audioInput) {m_audioInput->stop();if (m_audioDevice) {m_audioDevice->disconnect();m_audioDevice = nullptr;}}m_levelTimer->stop();m_isCapturing = false;m_isPaused = false;m_currentLevel = 0.0;emit captureStateChanged(false);emit audioLevelChanged(0.0);qDebug() << "停止音频采集，总采集数据:" << m_bytesCaptured << "字节";
}void AudioCapture::pauseCapture()
{if (m_isCapturing && !m_isPaused) {m_audioInput->suspend();m_isPaused = true;m_levelTimer->stop();emit audioLevelChanged(0.0);}
}void AudioCapture::resumeCapture()
{if (m_isCapturing && m_isPaused) {m_audioInput->resume();m_isPaused = false;m_levelTimer->start(50);}
}void AudioCapture::handleAudioDataReady()
{if (!m_audioDevice) return;// 读取音频数据QByteArray audioData = m_audioDevice->readAll();if (audioData.isEmpty()) return;m_bytesCaptured += audioData.size();// 计算音频电平（用于波形显示）calculateAudioLevel(audioData);// 发送数据可用信号emit audioDataAvailable(audioData);
}void AudioCapture::calculateAudioLevel(const QByteArray &data)
{const qint16 *samples = reinterpret_cast<const qint16*>(data.constData());int sampleCount = data.size() / 2; // 16位样本，每个样本2字节qreal maxValue = 0;for (int i = 0; i < sampleCount; ++i) {qreal value = qAbs(samples[i]) / 32768.0; // 16位有符号整数范围：-32768到32767if (value > maxValue) {maxValue = value;}}m_currentLevel = maxValue;
}void AudioCapture::updateAudioLevel()
{emit audioLevelChanged(m_currentLevel);m_currentLevel = 0.0; // 重置为下次计算
}QList<QAudioDeviceInfo> AudioCapture::getAvailableDevices() const
{return QAudioDeviceInfo::availableDevices(QAudio::AudioInput);
}QString AudioCapture::getCurrentDeviceName() const
{return m_currentDevice.deviceName();
}void AudioCapture::setAudioDevice(const QAudioDeviceInfo &device)
{if (m_isCapturing) {stopCapture();}m_currentDevice = device;// 重新初始化音频输入if (m_audioInput) {delete m_audioInput;m_audioInput = nullptr;}initializeAudio();
}void AudioCapture::setSampleRate(int rate)
{m_audioFormat.setSampleRate(rate);if (m_isCapturing) {// 需要重新启动采集stopCapture();startCapture();}
}void AudioCapture::setChannelCount(int channels)
{m_audioFormat.setChannelCount(channels);if (m_isCapturing) {stopCapture();startCapture();}
}void AudioCapture::setSampleSize(int size)
{m_audioFormat.setSampleSize(size);if (m_isCapturing) {stopCapture();startCapture();}
}

5. 主窗口头文件 (mainwindow.h)

#ifndef MAINWINDOW_H
#define MAINWINDOW_H#include <QMainWindow>
#include <QPushButton>
#include <QLabel>
#include <QComboBox>
#include <QProgressBar>
#include <QCheckBox>
#include <QSpinBox>
#include <QVBoxLayout>
#include <QHBoxLayout>
#include <QGroupBox>
#include <QFileDialog>
#include <QMessageBox>
#include "audiocapture.h"class MainWindow : public QMainWindow
{Q_OBJECTpublic:MainWindow(QWidget *parent = nullptr);~MainWindow();private slots:void onStartStopClicked();void onPauseResumeClicked();void onSaveDataClicked();void onDeviceChanged(int index);void handleAudioDataAvailable(const QByteArray &data);void handleAudioLevelChanged(qreal level);void handleCaptureStateChanged(bool capturing);void handleErrorOccurred(const QString &errorMessage);private:void setupUI();void setupConnections();void updateDeviceList();void updateUIState();private:// UI 组件QWidget *m_centralWidget;QVBoxLayout *m_mainLayout;QGroupBox *m_deviceGroup;QComboBox *m_deviceCombo;QLabel *m_statusLabel;QProgressBar *m_levelBar;QGroupBox *m_controlGroup;QPushButton *m_startStopButton;QPushButton *m_pauseResumeButton;QPushButton *m_saveButton;QGroupBox *m_settingsGroup;QCheckBox *m_autoSaveCheck;QSpinBox *m_sampleRateSpin;QSpinBox *m_channelsSpin;QLabel *m_statsLabel;// 音频采集AudioCapture *m_audioCapture;// 数据存储QByteArray m_capturedData;bool m_isCapturing;bool m_isPaused;
};#endif // MAINWINDOW_H

6. 主窗口实现 (mainwindow.cpp)

#include "mainwindow.h"MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent): QMainWindow(parent), m_audioCapture(new AudioCapture(this)), m_isCapturing(false), m_isPaused(false)
{setWindowTitle("Qt 音频采集应用");setMinimumSize(600, 400);setupUI();setupConnections();updateDeviceList();updateUIState();
}MainWindow::~MainWindow()
{if (m_isCapturing) {m_audioCapture->stopCapture();}
}void MainWindow::setupUI()
{m_centralWidget = new QWidget(this);setCentralWidget(m_centralWidget);m_mainLayout = new QVBoxLayout(m_centralWidget);// 设备选择组m_deviceGroup = new QGroupBox("音频设备", this);QVBoxLayout *deviceLayout = new QVBoxLayout(m_deviceGroup);m_deviceCombo = new QComboBox(this);deviceLayout->addWidget(m_deviceCombo);m_statusLabel = new QLabel("状态: 未启动", this);deviceLayout->addWidget(m_statusLabel);m_levelBar = new QProgressBar(this);m_levelBar->setRange(0, 100);m_levelBar->setValue(0);m_levelBar->setFormat("音频电平: %p%");deviceLayout->addWidget(m_levelBar);m_mainLayout->addWidget(m_deviceGroup);// 控制按钮组m_controlGroup = new QGroupBox("控制", this);QHBoxLayout *controlLayout = new QHBoxLayout(m_controlGroup);m_startStopButton = new QPushButton("开始采集", this);m_pauseResumeButton = new QPushButton("暂停", this);m_saveButton = new QPushButton("保存数据", this);m_pauseResumeButton->setEnabled(false);m_saveButton->setEnabled(false);controlLayout->addWidget(m_startStopButton);controlLayout->addWidget(m_pauseResumeButton);controlLayout->addWidget(m_saveButton);m_mainLayout->addWidget(m_controlGroup);// 设置组m_settingsGroup = new QGroupBox("设置", this);QHBoxLayout *settingsLayout = new QHBoxLayout(m_settingsGroup);m_autoSaveCheck = new QCheckBox("自动保存", this);m_sampleRateSpin = new QSpinBox(this);m_sampleRateSpin->setRange(8000, 192000);m_sampleRateSpin->setValue(44100);m_sampleRateSpin->setSuffix(" Hz");m_channelsSpin = new QSpinBox(this);m_channelsSpin->setRange(1, 2);m_channelsSpin->setValue(1);m_channelsSpin->setSuffix(" 声道");settingsLayout->addWidget(new QLabel("采样率:", this));settingsLayout->addWidget(m_sampleRateSpin);settingsLayout->addWidget(new QLabel("声道数:", this));settingsLayout->addWidget(m_channelsSpin);settingsLayout->addWidget(m_autoSaveCheck);settingsLayout->addStretch();m_mainLayout->addWidget(m_settingsGroup);// 统计信息m_statsLabel = new QLabel("采集数据: 0 字节", this);m_mainLayout->addWidget(m_statsLabel);m_mainLayout->addStretch();
}void MainWindow::setupConnections()
{connect(m_startStopButton, &QPushButton::clicked, this, &MainWindow::onStartStopClicked);connect(m_pauseResumeButton, &QPushButton::clicked, this, &MainWindow::onPauseResumeClicked);connect(m_saveButton, &QPushButton::clicked, this, &MainWindow::onSaveDataClicked);connect(m_deviceCombo, QOverload<int>::of(&QComboBox::currentIndexChanged),this, &MainWindow::onDeviceChanged);connect(m_audioCapture, &AudioCapture::audioDataAvailable,this, &MainWindow::handleAudioDataAvailable);connect(m_audioCapture, &AudioCapture::audioLevelChanged,this, &MainWindow::handleAudioLevelChanged);connect(m_audioCapture, &AudioCapture::captureStateChanged,this, &MainWindow::handleCaptureStateChanged);connect(m_audioCapture, &AudioCapture::errorOccurred,this, &MainWindow::handleErrorOccurred);
}void MainWindow::updateDeviceList()
{m_deviceCombo->clear();QList<QAudioDeviceInfo> devices = m_audioCapture->getAvailableDevices();for (const QAudioDeviceInfo &device : devices) {m_deviceCombo->addItem(device.deviceName(), QVariant::fromValue(device));}if (devices.isEmpty()) {m_deviceCombo->addItem("未找到音频设备");m_startStopButton->setEnabled(false);}
}void MainWindow::updateUIState()
{if (m_isCapturing) {m_startStopButton->setText("停止采集");m_pauseResumeButton->setEnabled(true);m_saveButton->setEnabled(false); // 采集时不能保存m_deviceCombo->setEnabled(false);m_sampleRateSpin->setEnabled(false);m_channelsSpin->setEnabled(false);if (m_isPaused) {m_pauseResumeButton->setText("继续");m_statusLabel->setText("状态: 已暂停");} else {m_pauseResumeButton->setText("暂停");m_statusLabel->setText("状态: 采集中...");}} else {m_startStopButton->setText("开始采集");m_pauseResumeButton->setEnabled(false);m_pauseResumeButton->setText("暂停");m_saveButton->setEnabled(!m_capturedData.isEmpty());m_deviceCombo->setEnabled(true);m_sampleRateSpin->setEnabled(true);m_channelsSpin->setEnabled(true);m_statusLabel->setText("状态: 未启动");}m_statsLabel->setText(QString("采集数据: %1 字节").arg(m_capturedData.size()));
}void MainWindow::onStartStopClicked()
{if (m_isCapturing) {m_audioCapture->stopCapture();} else {// 应用设置m_audioCapture->setSampleRate(m_sampleRateSpin->value());m_audioCapture->setChannelCount(m_channelsSpin->value());// 开始采集m_audioCapture->startCapture();m_capturedData.clear(); // 清空之前的数据}
}void MainWindow::onPauseResumeClicked()
{if (m_isPaused) {m_audioCapture->resumeCapture();m_isPaused = false;} else {m_audioCapture->pauseCapture();m_isPaused = true;}updateUIState();
}void MainWindow::onSaveDataClicked()
{if (m_capturedData.isEmpty()) {QMessageBox::information(this, "提示", "没有可保存的音频数据");return;}QString fileName = QFileDialog::getSaveFileName(this, "保存音频数据", "", "原始音频数据 (*.raw);;所有文件 (*)");if (!fileName.isEmpty()) {QFile file(fileName);if (file.open(QIODevice::WriteOnly)) {file.write(m_capturedData);file.close();QMessageBox::information(this, "成功", "音频数据已保存");} else {QMessageBox::warning(this, "错误", "无法保存文件");}}
}void MainWindow::onDeviceChanged(int index)
{if (index >= 0) {QAudioDeviceInfo device = m_deviceCombo->itemData(index).value<QAudioDeviceInfo>();m_audioCapture->setAudioDevice(device);}
}void MainWindow::handleAudioDataAvailable(const QByteArray &data)
{m_capturedData.append(data);updateUIState();// 如果启用了自动保存，可以在这里实现自动保存逻辑if (m_autoSaveCheck->isChecked()) {// 自动保存实现（可选）}
}void MainWindow::handleAudioLevelChanged(qreal level)
{int levelPercent = qMin(100, static_cast<int>(level * 100));m_levelBar->setValue(levelPercent);
}void MainWindow::handleCaptureStateChanged(bool capturing)
{m_isCapturing = capturing;m_isPaused = false;updateUIState();
}void MainWindow::handleErrorOccurred(const QString &errorMessage)
{QMessageBox::critical(this, "音频采集错误", errorMessage);m_isCapturing = false;m_isPaused = false;updateUIState();
}