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Flutter应用自动更新系统：生产环境的挑战与解决方案

news 2025/9/20 8:39:31

Flutter应用自动更新系统：生产环境的挑战与解决方案

本文基于BeeCount(蜜蜂记账)项目的实际开发经验，深入探讨Android应用自动更新的完整实现，包括GitHub Releases集成、APK安装、R8混淆问题处理等核心技术难点。

项目背景

BeeCount(蜜蜂记账)是一款开源、简洁、无广告的个人记账应用。所有财务数据完全由用户掌控，支持本地存储和可选的云端同步，确保数据绝对安全。

引言

在移动应用开发中，自动更新功能是提升用户体验的重要环节。对于独立开发者而言，如何在没有应用商店分发渠道的情况下，构建一套可靠的应用更新机制，是一个充满挑战的技术问题。BeeCount通过GitHub Releases + 自动更新的方式，为用户提供了便捷的版本升级体验，但在实践中遇到了诸多技术难点，特别是生产环境下的R8代码混淆问题。

更新系统架构

整体架构设计

┌─────────────────┐    ┌──────────────────┐    ┌─────────────────┐
│   Flutter App   │    │   GitHub API     │    │   APK Storage   │
│   (Update UI)   │◄──►│   (Releases)     │◄──►│   (Assets)      │
│                 │    │                  │    │                 │
└─────────────────┘    └──────────────────┘    └─────────────────┘│                       │                       │└───── 版本检查 ─────────┼───── APK下载 ────────┘│┌──────────────────┐│   FileProvider   ││   (APK安装)      │└──────────────────┘

核心设计原则

版本检查智能化：自动对比本地与远程版本
下载体验优化：带进度条的后台下载
缓存机制：避免重复下载相同版本
安装流程简化：一键式更新体验
错误处理完善：网络异常、权限问题等场景处理
生产环境适配：R8混淆兼容性处理

更新服务核心实现

服务接口定义

abstract class UpdateService {/// 检查更新static Future<UpdateResult> checkUpdate();/// 下载并安装更新static Future<UpdateResult> downloadAndInstallUpdate(BuildContext context,String downloadUrl, {Function(double progress, String status)? onProgress,});/// 显示更新对话框static Future<void> showUpdateDialog(BuildContext context, {required bool isForced,VoidCallback? onLaterPressed,Function(double progress, String status)? onProgress,});/// 静默检查更新static Future<void> silentCheckForUpdates(BuildContext context);
}

版本检查实现

class UpdateService {static final Dio _dio = Dio();static const String _cachedApkPathKey = 'cached_apk_path';static const String _cachedApkVersionKey = 'cached_apk_version';/// 生成随机User-Agent，避免被GitHub限制static String _generateRandomUserAgent() {final userAgents = ['Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/119.0.0.0 Safari/537.36','Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/119.0.0.0 Safari/537.36','Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/118.0.0.0 Safari/537.36',// ... 更多User-Agent];final random = (DateTime.now().millisecondsSinceEpoch % userAgents.length);return userAgents[random];}/// 检查更新信息static Future<UpdateResult> checkUpdate() async {try {// 获取当前版本信息final currentInfo = await _getAppInfo();final currentVersion = _normalizeVersion(currentInfo.version);logI('UpdateService', '当前版本: $currentVersion');// 检查缓存的APKfinal cachedResult = await _checkCachedApk(currentVersion);if (cachedResult != null) {return cachedResult;}// 配置Dio超时和重试机制_dio.options.connectTimeout = const Duration(seconds: 30);_dio.options.receiveTimeout = const Duration(minutes: 2);_dio.options.sendTimeout = const Duration(minutes: 2);// 获取最新release信息 - 添加重试机制Response? resp;int attempts = 0;const maxAttempts = 3;while (attempts < maxAttempts) {attempts++;try {logI('UpdateService', '尝试第$attempts次请求GitHub API...');resp = await _dio.get('https://api.github.com/repos/TNT-Likely/BeeCount/releases/latest',options: Options(headers: {'Accept': 'application/vnd.github+json','User-Agent': _generateRandomUserAgent(),},),);if (resp.statusCode == 200) {logI('UpdateService', 'GitHub API请求成功');break;} else {logW('UpdateService', '第$attempts次请求返回错误状态码: ${resp.statusCode}');if (attempts == maxAttempts) break;await Future.delayed(const Duration(seconds: 1));}} catch (e) {logE('UpdateService', '第$attempts次请求失败', e);if (attempts == maxAttempts) rethrow;await Future.delayed(Duration(seconds: 1 << attempts)); // 指数退避}}if (resp?.statusCode != 200) {return UpdateResult(hasUpdate: false,message: '检查更新失败: HTTP ${resp?.statusCode}',);}final releaseData = resp!.data;final latestVersion = _normalizeVersion(releaseData['tag_name']);final releaseNotes = releaseData['body'] ?? '';final publishedAt = DateTime.parse(releaseData['published_at']);logI('UpdateService', '最新版本: $latestVersion');// 版本比较if (_compareVersions(latestVersion, currentVersion) <= 0) {logI('UpdateService', '已是最新版本');return UpdateResult(hasUpdate: false, message: '已是最新版本');}// 查找APK下载链接final assets = releaseData['assets'] as List;String? downloadUrl;for (final asset in assets) {final name = asset['name'] as String;if (name.toLowerCase().endsWith('.apk') &&(name.contains('prod') || name.contains('release'))) {downloadUrl = asset['browser_download_url'];break;}}if (downloadUrl == null) {return UpdateResult(hasUpdate: false,message: '未找到APK下载链接',);}logI('UpdateService', '发现新版本: $latestVersion');return UpdateResult(hasUpdate: true,version: latestVersion,downloadUrl: downloadUrl,releaseNotes: releaseNotes,publishedAt: publishedAt,message: '发现新版本 $latestVersion',);} catch (e) {logE('UpdateService', '检查更新异常', e);return UpdateResult(hasUpdate: false,message: '检查更新失败: ${e.toString()}',);}}/// 检查缓存的APKstatic Future<UpdateResult?> _checkCachedApk(String currentVersion) async {try {final prefs = await SharedPreferences.getInstance();final cachedApkPath = prefs.getString(_cachedApkPathKey);final cachedApkVersion = prefs.getString(_cachedApkVersionKey);if (cachedApkPath != null && cachedApkVersion != null) {final file = File(cachedApkPath);if (await file.exists()) {// 检查缓存版本是否比当前版本新if (_compareVersions(cachedApkVersion, currentVersion) > 0) {logI('UpdateService', '找到缓存的新版本APK: $cachedApkVersion');return UpdateResult.cachedUpdate(version: cachedApkVersion,filePath: cachedApkPath,);}} else {// 清理无效的缓存记录await prefs.remove(_cachedApkPathKey);await prefs.remove(_cachedApkVersionKey);}}} catch (e) {logE('UpdateService', '检查缓存APK失败', e);}return null;}/// 版本号比较static int _compareVersions(String v1, String v2) {final parts1 = v1.split('.').map(int.parse).toList();final parts2 = v2.split('.').map(int.parse).toList();final maxLength = math.max(parts1.length, parts2.length);// 补齐长度while (parts1.length < maxLength) parts1.add(0);while (parts2.length < maxLength) parts2.add(0);for (int i = 0; i < maxLength; i++) {if (parts1[i] > parts2[i]) return 1;if (parts1[i] < parts2[i]) return -1;}return 0;}/// 规范化版本号static String _normalizeVersion(String version) {// 移除v前缀和构建后缀String normalized = version.replaceAll(RegExp(r'^v'), '');normalized = normalized.replaceAll(RegExp(r'-.*$'), '');return normalized;}
}

APK下载实现

/// 下载APK文件
static Future<UpdateResult> _downloadApk(BuildContext context,String url,String fileName, {Function(double progress, String status)? onProgress,
}) async {try {// 获取下载目录Directory? downloadDir;if (Platform.isAndroid) {downloadDir = await getExternalStorageDirectory();}downloadDir ??= await getApplicationDocumentsDirectory();final filePath = '${downloadDir.path}/BeeCount_$fileName.apk';logI('UpdateService', '下载路径: $filePath');// 删除已存在的文件final file = File(filePath);if (await file.exists()) {logI('UpdateService', '删除已存在的同版本文件: $filePath');await file.delete();}// 显示下载进度对话框和通知double progress = 0.0;bool cancelled = false;late StateSetter dialogSetState;final cancelToken = CancelToken();// 显示初始通知await _showProgressNotification(0, indeterminate: false);if (context.mounted) {showDialog(context: context,barrierDismissible: false,builder: (context) => StatefulBuilder(builder: (context, setState) {dialogSetState = setState;return AlertDialog(title: const Text('下载更新'),content: Column(mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min,children: [Text('下载中: ${(progress * 100).toStringAsFixed(1)}%'),const SizedBox(height: 16),LinearProgressIndicator(value: progress),const SizedBox(height: 16),Row(mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.spaceEvenly,children: [TextButton(onPressed: () {cancelled = true;cancelToken.cancel('用户取消下载');Navigator.of(context).pop();},child: const Text('取消'),),TextButton(onPressed: () {Navigator.of(context).pop();},child: const Text('后台下载'),),],),],),);},),);}// 开始下载await _dio.download(url,filePath,options: Options(headers: {'User-Agent': _generateRandomUserAgent(),},),onReceiveProgress: (received, total) {if (total > 0 && !cancelled) {final newProgress = received / total;progress = newProgress;final progressPercent = (progress * 100).round();// 调用外部进度回调onProgress?.call(newProgress, '下载中: $progressPercent%');// 更新UI进度try {if (context.mounted) {dialogSetState(() {});}} catch (e) {// 对话框已关闭，忽略错误}// 更新通知进度_showProgressNotification(progressPercent, indeterminate: false).catchError((e) {logE('UpdateService', '更新通知进度失败', e);});}},cancelToken: cancelToken,);if (cancelled) {logI('UpdateService', '用户取消下载');await _cancelDownloadNotification();onProgress?.call(0.0, '');return UpdateResult.userCancelled();}// 下载完成，关闭进度对话框logI('UpdateService', '下载完成，关闭下载进度对话框');if (context.mounted) {try {if (Navigator.of(context).canPop()) {Navigator.of(context).pop();logI('UpdateService', '下载进度对话框已关闭');}} catch (e) {logW('UpdateService', '关闭下载对话框失败: $e');}}// 等待对话框完全关闭await Future.delayed(const Duration(milliseconds: 800));logI('UpdateService', '下载完成: $filePath');onProgress?.call(0.9, '下载完成');// 保存APK路径和版本信息到缓存await _saveApkPath(filePath, fileName);await _showDownloadCompleteNotification(filePath);onProgress?.call(1.0, '完成');return UpdateResult.downloadSuccess(filePath);} catch (e) {// 检查是否是用户取消导致的异常if (e is DioException && e.type == DioExceptionType.cancel) {logI('UpdateService', '用户取消下载（通过异常捕获）');await _cancelDownloadNotification();onProgress?.call(0.0, '');return UpdateResult.userCancelled();}// 真正的下载错误logE('UpdateService', '下载失败', e);// 安全关闭下载对话框if (context.mounted) {try {if (Navigator.of(context).canPop()) {Navigator.of(context).pop();await Future.delayed(const Duration(milliseconds: 300));}} catch (navError) {logE('UpdateService', '关闭下载对话框失败', navError);}}await _cancelDownloadNotification();onProgress?.call(0.0, '');return UpdateResult.error('下载失败: $e');}
}/// 保存APK路径到缓存
static Future<void> _saveApkPath(String filePath, String version) async {try {final prefs = await SharedPreferences.getInstance();await prefs.setString(_cachedApkPathKey, filePath);await prefs.setString(_cachedApkVersionKey, version);logI('UpdateService', '已保存APK缓存信息: $version -> $filePath');} catch (e) {logE('UpdateService', '保存APK缓存信息失败', e);}
}

APK安装核心问题

R8代码混淆导致的崩溃

在生产环境构建中，我们遇到了一个严重问题：APK安装功能在开发环境正常，但在生产环境100%崩溃。通过详细的日志分析，发现了问题的根本原因：

// 崩溃日志
java.lang.IncompatibleClassChangeError:
Class android.content.res.XmlBlock$Parser does not implement interface 'g3.a'at androidx.core.content.FileProvider.getUriForFile(FileProvider.java:400)

问题分析：

R8混淆器将android.content.res.XmlBlock$Parser接口重命名为g3.a
FileProvider读取file_paths.xml时无法找到正确的XML解析器接口
导致FileProvider.getUriForFile()调用失败

Proguard规则修复

# 保护XML解析器相关类不被混淆（关键修复）
-keep class android.content.res.XmlBlock { *; }
-keep class android.content.res.XmlBlock$Parser { *; }
-keep interface android.content.res.XmlResourceParser { *; }
-keep interface org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParser { *; }# 保护XML解析实现类
-keep class org.xmlpull.v1.** { *; }
-dontwarn org.xmlpull.v1.**# 保护Android系统XML接口不被混淆
-keep interface android.content.res.** { *; }
-keep class android.content.res.** { *; }# 保护FileProvider相关类
-keep class androidx.core.content.FileProvider { *; }
-keep class androidx.core.content.FileProvider$** { *; }
-keepclassmembers class androidx.core.content.FileProvider {public *;private *;
}# 保护FileProvider路径配置
-keepattributes *Annotation*
-keep class * extends androidx.core.content.FileProvider
-keepclassmembers class ** {@androidx.core.content.FileProvider$* <fields>;
}

Android原生安装实现

class MainActivity : FlutterActivity() {private val INSTALL_CHANNEL = "com.example.beecount/install"override fun configureFlutterEngine(@NonNull flutterEngine: FlutterEngine) {super.configureFlutterEngine(flutterEngine)// APK安装的MethodChannelMethodChannel(flutterEngine.dartExecutor.binaryMessenger, INSTALL_CHANNEL).setMethodCallHandler { call, result ->when (call.method) {"installApk" -> {val filePath = call.argument<String>("filePath")if (filePath != null) {val success = installApkWithIntent(filePath)result.success(success)} else {result.error("INVALID_ARGUMENT", "文件路径不能为空", null)}}else -> result.notImplemented()}}}private fun installApkWithIntent(filePath: String): Boolean {return try {android.util.Log.d("MainActivity", "UPDATE_CRASH: 开始原生Intent安装APK: $filePath")val sourceFile = File(filePath)if (!sourceFile.exists()) {android.util.Log.e("MainActivity", "UPDATE_CRASH: APK文件不存在: $filePath")return false}// 直接在缓存根目录创建APK，避免子目录配置问题val cachedApk = File(cacheDir, "install.apk")sourceFile.copyTo(cachedApk, overwrite = true)android.util.Log.d("MainActivity", "UPDATE_CRASH: APK已复制到: ${cachedApk.absolutePath}")val intent = Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW)try {val uri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(this,"$packageName.fileprovider",cachedApk)android.util.Log.d("MainActivity", "UPDATE_CRASH: ✅ FileProvider URI创建成功: $uri")intent.setDataAndType(uri, "application/vnd.android.package-archive")intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION)} catch (e: IllegalArgumentException) {android.util.Log.e("MainActivity", "UPDATE_CRASH: ❌ FileProvider路径配置错误", e)return false} catch (e: Exception) {android.util.Log.e("MainActivity", "UPDATE_CRASH: ❌ FileProvider创建URI失败", e)return false}intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK)// 检查是否有应用可以处理该Intentif (intent.resolveActivity(packageManager) != null) {android.util.Log.d("MainActivity", "UPDATE_CRASH: 找到可处理APK安装的应用")startActivity(intent)android.util.Log.d("MainActivity", "UPDATE_CRASH: ✅ APK安装Intent启动成功")return true} else {android.util.Log.e("MainActivity", "UPDATE_CRASH: ❌ 没有应用可以处理APK安装")return false}} catch (e: Exception) {android.util.Log.e("MainActivity", "UPDATE_CRASH: ❌ 原生Intent安装失败: $e")return false}}
}

FileProvider配置

<!-- android/app/src/main/res/xml/file_paths.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<paths xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"><!-- 允许访问cache/apk目录 --><cache-path name="apk_cache" path="apk/" /><!-- 允许访问全部缓存目录作为备用 --><cache-path name="all_cache" path="." /><!-- External app-specific files directory --><external-files-path name="external_app_files" path="." />
</paths>

<!-- android/app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml -->
<!-- FileProvider for sharing APK files on Android 7.0+ -->
<providerandroid:name="androidx.core.content.FileProvider"android:authorities="${applicationId}.fileprovider"android:exported="false"android:grantUriPermissions="true"><meta-dataandroid:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"android:resource="@xml/file_paths" />
</provider>

Flutter更新服务集成

安装APK实现

/// 安装APK
static Future<bool> _installApk(String filePath) async {try {logI('UpdateService', 'UPDATE_CRASH: === 开始APK安装流程 ===');logI('UpdateService', 'UPDATE_CRASH: 文件路径: $filePath');// 检查文件是否存在final file = File(filePath);final fileExists = await file.exists();logI('UpdateService', 'UPDATE_CRASH: APK文件存在: $fileExists');if (!fileExists) {logE('UpdateService', 'UPDATE_CRASH: APK文件不存在');return false;}final fileSize = await file.length();logI('UpdateService', 'UPDATE_CRASH: APK文件大小: $fileSize 字节');// 检查权限状态final installPermission = await Permission.requestInstallPackages.status;logI('UpdateService', 'UPDATE_CRASH: 安装权限状态: $installPermission');// 在生产环境中使用更安全的调用方式bool success = false;if (const bool.fromEnvironment('dart.vm.product')) {logI('UpdateService', 'UPDATE_CRASH: 生产环境，使用原生Intent方式安装');try {success = await _installApkWithIntent(filePath);} catch (intentException) {logE('UpdateService', 'UPDATE_CRASH: Intent安装失败，尝试OpenFilex备用方案', intentException);try {final result = await OpenFilex.open(filePath);logI('UpdateService', 'UPDATE_CRASH: === OpenFilex.open备用调用完成 ===');success = result.type == ResultType.done;} catch (openFileException) {logE('UpdateService', 'UPDATE_CRASH: OpenFilex备用方案也失败', openFileException);success = false;}}} else {// 开发环境使用原来的方式final result = await OpenFilex.open(filePath);logI('UpdateService', 'UPDATE_CRASH: === OpenFilex.open调用完成 ===');logI('UpdateService', 'UPDATE_CRASH: 返回类型: ${result.type}');logI('UpdateService', 'UPDATE_CRASH: 返回消息: ${result.message}');success = result.type == ResultType.done;}logI('UpdateService', 'UPDATE_CRASH: 安装结果判定: $success');if (success) {logI('UpdateService', 'UPDATE_CRASH: ✅ APK安装程序启动成功');} else {logW('UpdateService', 'UPDATE_CRASH: ⚠️ APK安装程序启动失败');}return success;} catch (e, stackTrace) {logE('UpdateService', 'UPDATE_CRASH: ❌ 安装APK过程中发生异常', e);logE('UpdateService', 'UPDATE_CRASH: 异常堆栈: $stackTrace');return false;}
}/// 使用原生Android Intent安装APK（生产环境专用）
static Future<bool> _installApkWithIntent(String filePath) async {try {logI('UpdateService', 'UPDATE_CRASH: 开始使用Intent安装APK');if (!Platform.isAndroid) {logE('UpdateService', 'UPDATE_CRASH: 非Android平台，无法使用Intent安装');return false;}// 使用MethodChannel调用原生Android代码const platform = MethodChannel('com.example.beecount/install');logI('UpdateService', 'UPDATE_CRASH: 调用原生安装方法，文件路径: $filePath');final result = await platform.invokeMethod('installApk', {'filePath': filePath,});logI('UpdateService', 'UPDATE_CRASH: 原生安装方法调用完成，结果: $result');return result == true;} catch (e, stackTrace) {logE('UpdateService', 'UPDATE_CRASH: Intent安装异常', e);logE('UpdateService', 'UPDATE_CRASH: Intent安装异常堆栈', stackTrace);return false;}
}

缓存APK处理修复

在实际使用中发现的另一个问题：当用户选择安装缓存的APK时，系统返回了错误的成功状态。

问题原因：UpdateResult构造函数中success参数的默认值是false，但安装缓存APK时没有显式设置为true。

// 问题代码
return UpdateResult(hasUpdate: true,message: '正在安装缓存的APK',  // 缺少 success: truefilePath: cachedApkPath,
);// 修复后代码
return UpdateResult(hasUpdate: true,success: true,  // 明确设置成功状态message: '正在安装缓存的APK',filePath: cachedApkPath,
);

用户界面设计

更新对话框

/// 显示更新对话框
static Future<void> showUpdateDialog(BuildContext context, {required bool isForced,VoidCallback? onLaterPressed,Function(double progress, String status)? onProgress,
}) async {final result = await checkUpdate();if (!result.hasUpdate) {if (context.mounted) {ScaffoldMessenger.of(context).showSnackBar(SnackBar(content: Text(result.message ?? '已是最新版本')),);}return;}if (!context.mounted) return;// 显示更新确认对话框final shouldUpdate = await showDialog<bool>(context: context,barrierDismissible: !isForced,builder: (context) => AlertDialog(title: Row(children: [Icon(Icons.system_update, color: Theme.of(context).primaryColor),const SizedBox(width: 12),Text('发现新版本：${result.version}'),],),content: SingleChildScrollView(child: Column(mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min,crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.start,children: [if (result.releaseNotes?.isNotEmpty == true) ...[const Text('更新内容：', style: TextStyle(fontWeight: FontWeight.bold)),const SizedBox(height: 8),Container(padding: const EdgeInsets.all(12),decoration: BoxDecoration(color: Colors.grey[100],borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(8),),child: Text(result.releaseNotes!,style: const TextStyle(fontSize: 14),),),const SizedBox(height: 16),],if (result.publishedAt != null) ...[Text('发布时间: ${_formatPublishTime(result.publishedAt!)}',style: TextStyle(fontSize: 12,color: Colors.grey[600],),),const SizedBox(height: 8),],Container(padding: const EdgeInsets.all(12),decoration: BoxDecoration(color: Colors.blue[50],borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(8),border: Border.all(color: Colors.blue[200]!),),child: Row(children: [Icon(Icons.info, color: Colors.blue[700], size: 20),const SizedBox(width: 8),Expanded(child: Text('更新将下载APK文件并自动安装',style: TextStyle(fontSize: 13,color: Colors.blue[700],),),),],),),],),),actions: [if (!isForced) ...[OutlinedButton(style: OutlinedButton.styleFrom(foregroundColor: Theme.of(context).primaryColor,),onPressed: () {Navigator.of(context).pop(false);onLaterPressed?.call();},child: const Text('稍后更新'),),],ElevatedButton(onPressed: () => Navigator.of(context).pop(true),child: const Text('立即更新'),),],),);if (shouldUpdate == true && context.mounted) {// 开始下载和安装await downloadAndInstallUpdate(context,result.downloadUrl!,onProgress: onProgress,);}
}String _formatPublishTime(DateTime publishTime) {final now = DateTime.now();final difference = now.difference(publishTime);if (difference.inDays > 0) {return '${difference.inDays}天前';} else if (difference.inHours > 0) {return '${difference.inHours}小时前';} else if (difference.inMinutes > 0) {return '${difference.inMinutes}分钟前';} else {return '刚刚';}
}

下载进度通知

/// 显示下载进度通知
static Future<void> _showProgressNotification(int progress, {bool indeterminate = false,
}) async {try {const androidDetails = AndroidNotificationDetails('download_channel','下载进度',channelDescription: '显示应用更新下载进度',importance: Importance.low,priority: Priority.low,showProgress: true,maxProgress: 100,progress: 0,indeterminate: false,ongoing: true,autoCancel: false,);const notificationDetails = NotificationDetails(android: androidDetails);await _notificationsPlugin.show(_downloadNotificationId,'蜜蜂记账更新',indeterminate ? '准备下载...' : '下载进度: $progress%',notificationDetails.copyWith(android: androidDetails.copyWith(progress: progress,indeterminate: indeterminate,),),);} catch (e) {logE('UpdateService', '显示进度通知失败', e);}
}/// 显示下载完成通知
static Future<void> _showDownloadCompleteNotification(String filePath) async {try {const androidDetails = AndroidNotificationDetails('download_channel','下载完成',channelDescription: '显示应用更新下载完成',importance: Importance.high,priority: Priority.high,autoCancel: true,);const notificationDetails = NotificationDetails(android: androidDetails);await _notificationsPlugin.show(_downloadNotificationId,'蜜蜂记账更新','下载完成，点击安装',notificationDetails,);} catch (e) {logE('UpdateService', '显示完成通知失败', e);}
}

错误处理和用户体验

网络异常处理

/// 网络重试机制
class NetworkOptimizer {static const int maxRetries = 3;static const Duration retryDelay = Duration(seconds: 2);static Future<T> withRetry<T>(Future<T> Function() operation) async {int attempts = 0;while (attempts < maxRetries) {try {return await operation();} catch (e) {attempts++;if (attempts >= maxRetries) {rethrow;}// 指数退避await Future.delayed(retryDelay * (1 << attempts));}}throw Exception('Max retries exceeded');}static Future<bool> isNetworkAvailable() async {try {final result = await InternetAddress.lookup('github.com');return result.isNotEmpty && result[0].rawAddress.isNotEmpty;} catch (_) {return false;}}
}

权限处理

/// 检查和申请权限
static Future<bool> _checkAndRequestPermissions() async {if (!Platform.isAndroid) return true;logI('UpdateService', '开始检查权限...');try {// 检查安装权限var installPermission = await Permission.requestInstallPackages.status;logI('UpdateService', '安装权限状态: $installPermission');if (installPermission.isDenied) {logI('UpdateService', '请求安装权限...');installPermission = await Permission.requestInstallPackages.request();logI('UpdateService', '权限请求结果: $installPermission');}if (installPermission.isPermanentlyDenied) {logW('UpdateService', '安装权限被永久拒绝，引导用户手动开启');return false;}// 检查存储权限（Android 10以下需要）if (Platform.isAndroid && await _needsStoragePermission()) {var storagePermission = await Permission.storage.status;logI('UpdateService', '存储权限状态: $storagePermission');if (storagePermission.isDenied) {storagePermission = await Permission.storage.request();logI('UpdateService', '存储权限请求结果: $storagePermission');}if (!storagePermission.isGranted) {logW('UpdateService', '存储权限未授予');return false;}}return installPermission.isGranted;} catch (e) {logE('UpdateService', '权限检查失败', e);return false;}
}static Future<bool> _needsStoragePermission() async {final info = await DeviceInfoPlugin().androidInfo;return info.version.sdkInt < 29; // Android 10以下需要存储权限
}

错误回退机制

/// 显示下载失败的错误弹窗，提供去GitHub的兜底选项
static Future<void> _showDownloadErrorWithFallback(BuildContext context,String errorMessage,
) async {if (!context.mounted) return;final result = await showDialog<bool>(context: context,builder: (context) => AlertDialog(title: Row(children: [const Icon(Icons.error_outline, color: Colors.orange, size: 28),const SizedBox(width: 12),const Text('下载失败'),],),content: Column(mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min,crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.start,children: [Text('下载更新文件失败：\n$errorMessage',style: const TextStyle(fontSize: 16),),const SizedBox(height: 16),Container(padding: const EdgeInsets.all(12),decoration: BoxDecoration(color: Colors.blue[50],borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(8),border: Border.all(color: Colors.blue[200]!),),child: Row(crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.start,children: [Icon(Icons.lightbulb, color: Colors.blue[700], size: 20),const SizedBox(width: 8),Expanded(child: Text('您可以手动前往GitHub Releases页面下载最新版本APK文件',style: TextStyle(fontSize: 13,color: Colors.blue[700],),),),],),),],),actions: [TextButton(onPressed: () => Navigator.of(context).pop(false),child: const Text('取消'),),ElevatedButton.icon(onPressed: () => Navigator.of(context).pop(true),icon: const Icon(Icons.open_in_new),label: const Text('前往GitHub'),),],),);if (result == true && context.mounted) {await _launchGitHubReleases(context);}
}/// 打开GitHub Releases页面
static Future<void> _launchGitHubReleases(BuildContext context) async {const url = 'https://github.com/TNT-Likely/BeeCount/releases';try {final uri = Uri.parse(url);if (await canLaunchUrl(uri)) {await launchUrl(uri, mode: LaunchMode.externalApplication);} else {throw Exception('无法打开链接');}} catch (e) {if (context.mounted) {ScaffoldMessenger.of(context).showSnackBar(SnackBar(content: Text('打开链接失败: $e'),action: SnackBarAction(label: '复制链接',onPressed: () {Clipboard.setData(const ClipboardData(text: url));},),),);}}
}

性能优化和最佳实践

版本检查优化

/// 静默检查更新（应用启动时调用）
static Future<void> silentCheckForUpdates(BuildContext context) async {try {// 避免频繁检查，每天最多检查一次final prefs = await SharedPreferences.getInstance();final lastCheck = prefs.getString('last_update_check');final now = DateTime.now();if (lastCheck != null) {final lastCheckTime = DateTime.parse(lastCheck);if (now.difference(lastCheckTime).inHours < 24) {logI('UpdateService', '距离上次检查不足24小时，跳过静默检查');return;}}logI('UpdateService', '开始静默检查更新');final result = await checkUpdate();// 记录检查时间await prefs.setString('last_update_check', now.toIso8601String());if (result.hasUpdate && context.mounted) {// 显示轻量级的更新提示ScaffoldMessenger.of(context).showSnackBar(SnackBar(content: Text('发现新版本 ${result.version}'),action: SnackBarAction(label: '立即更新',onPressed: () {showUpdateDialog(context, isForced: false);},),duration: const Duration(seconds: 8),),);}} catch (e) {logE('UpdateService', '静默检查更新失败', e);}
}

缓存管理

/// 清理旧的APK文件
static Future<void> _cleanupOldApkFiles() async {try {final downloadDir = await getExternalStorageDirectory() ??await getApplicationDocumentsDirectory();final apkFiles = downloadDir.listSync().where((file) => file.path.toLowerCase().endsWith('.apk')).cast<File>();final currentVersion = await _getCurrentVersion();for (final file in apkFiles) {try {// 保留当前版本和更新版本的APK，删除其他版本if (!file.path.contains(currentVersion) &&!file.path.contains('BeeCount_')) {await file.delete();logI('UpdateService', '清理旧APK文件: ${file.path}');}} catch (e) {logW('UpdateService', '清理APK文件失败: ${file.path}', e);}}} catch (e) {logE('UpdateService', '清理APK文件异常', e);}
}